AWS E309-16 Stainless Steel Welding Electrode
AC/DCEP
OEM factory since 1995.
Ocean Welding E309-16 is a titanium-calcium type coated stainless steel welding electrode conforming to AWS A5.4 / ASME SFA-5.4 standards, with its deposited metal exhibiting a 23Cr-13Ni austenitic structure. This welding electrode is suitable for AC or DC-EP power supplies, supports all-position welding, and is designed for three important application scenarios: welding dissimilar steels (such as stainless steel and low carbon steel or low alloy carbon steel); root pass or transition layer welding before surfacing 308L or 316L stainless steel; and welding of the same type 25/12 stainless steel base material (such as 309, 309S). This product is manufactured by Hangzhou Lin'an Ocean Welding Materials Co., Ltd., a company that has been deeply involved in the welding consumables industry since 1995. It offers more than 4,000 product specifications (SKUs), has an annual production capacity of 2,000 tons, and holds multiple certifications such as ISO 9001, CE, and SGS.
Product Overview
| Attribute | Specification |
|---|---|
| AWS classification | AWS A5.4 / ASME SFA-5.4 E309-16, UNS W30910 |
| Welding process | SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding / stick welding) |
| Coating type | Rutile / lime-titania ("-16") |
| Current & polarity | AC or DCEP (DC electrode positive) |
| Welding position | All positions - F, H, V-up, OH |
| Deposited metal | 23Cr-13Ni austenite with controlled ferrite |
| Equivalent standards | ISO 3581-B-ES 309-16 · GB/T 983 E309-16 · JIS Z3221 ES309-16 |
| Brand / MPN | Ocean Welding / E309-16 |
| Country of origin | Zhejiang, China (Mainland) |
Ocean Welding E309-16's controlled ferrite content in the weld metal endows it with good crack resistance, excellent oxidation resistance, stable arc characteristics, and easy slag removal performance; for this reason, it has become the preferred main welding material for dissimilar metal welding between austenitic stainless steel and carbon steel or low alloy steel base materials (which requires good dilution resistance).
Applications
Ocean Welding E309-16 is most commonly specified for:
- Dissimilar metal welding between austenitic stainless steels (304, 304L, 321, 347) and low-carbon or low-alloy steels (e.g., 304 piping joined to A106, A36, or Q235 steel).
- Application of a transition layer (buffer layer) on carbon or low-alloy steel, followed by a final stainless steel overlay (using 308L/316L)-a classic procedure for controlling dilution rates in stainless steel surfacing.
- Welding of joints involving stainless steel linings and clad steel plates in pressure vessels, reactors, and reactor internals.
- Welding of 309/309S (25Cr-12Ni type) stainless steel base metals to themselves.
- Welding of high-chromium steels, high-manganese steels, and other difficult-to-weld steel grades requiring an austenitic transition layer.
Chemical Composition of Deposited Metal
| Element | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AWS spec (wt %) | ≤ 0.15 | 0.5 – 2.5 | ≤ 0.90 | ≤ 0.04 | ≤ 0.03 | 22.0 – 25.0 | 12.0 – 14.0 | ≤ 0.75 | ≤ 0.75 |
| Ocean Welding typical | 0.08 | 1.60 | 0.65 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 23.5 | 13.2 | 0.20 | 0.15 |
Mechanical Properties
| Property | AWS A5.4 Requirement | Ocean Welding Typical |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength Rm | ≥ 550 MPa (≥ 80 ksi) | 590 – 640 MPa |
| Elongation A5 | ≥ 25 % | 32 – 38 % |
| Bend test | No cracks | Pass |
Recommended Welding Current & Best Practice
| Diameter × Length | Flat (F) | Vertical / Overhead |
|---|---|---|
| Ø 2.5 × 300 mm | 50 – 85 A | 45 – 80 A |
| Ø 3.2 × 350 mm | 80 – 120 A | 70 – 110 A |
| Ø 4.0 × 350 – 400 mm | 100 – 150 A | 90 – 135 A |
| Ø 5.0 × 400 mm | 140 – 180 A | – |
Best Practices
- Re-dry the electrodes at 250–350°C for one hour before use; keep the electrodes in a holding oven at 80–150°C during welding.
- Use a short arc and low welding speed to achieve a neat austenitic weld bead and minimize spatter.
- Preheating is generally not required; maintain an interpass temperature of ≤ 150°C to preserve the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel side.
Sizes, Packaging & Delivery
- Diameters available：Ø 2.0 / 2.5 / 3.2 / 4.0 / 5.0 mm (0.079″ – 3/16″)
- Standard lengths：300 mm / 350 mm / 400 mm / 450 mm
- Standard export packaging：5 kg / PVC box (shrink-wrapped inner bag) → 4 boxes = 20 kg / carton → 50 cartons = 1 ton / pallet; approx. 21 – 26 MT per 20′ FCL.
- OEM / private-label packaging accepted - bag, PVC box, carton and label print customised to the buyer's brand.
- Delivery time：normally 8 – 25 days after order confirmation.
- Loading ports：Shanghai / Ningbo / Yiwu.
- Trade terms：EXW / FOB / CFR / CIF · payment T/T 30 % deposit, balance against B/L copy.
Samples：free samples on request (freight collect).
Quality Control & Certifications
Standards：AWS A5.4 · ASME SFA-5.4 · ISO 3581 · GB/T 983.
Certifications：ISO 9001, CE, SGS.
In-house testing：German Spectromax OES, tensile & impact test, metallographic examination, surface-roughness inspection.
Four-step inspection：raw material → pre-furnace → semi-finished → finished, with 100 % lot / heat traceability.
Guaranteed to every buyer：competitive factory pricing · on-time delivery · strict quality control · responsive after-sales service.
FAQ
Q:What is E309-16 welding electrode used for?
A:E309-16 is a 23Cr-13Ni stainless steel stick electrode used mainly for dissimilar welding between stainless steel and carbon or low-alloy steel, for buttering layers before stainless overlay, and for matching-composition 309 / 309S base metals.
Q: What does the "-16" in E309-16 mean?
A:The "-16" in AWS A5.4 denotes a rutile / lime-titania coating that runs on AC or DCEP and welds in all positions - versus "-15" (basic / lime, DCEP only) and "-17" (higher-silicate rutile).
Q: Is E309-16 AC or DC?
A:Both. E309-16 runs on AC or DCEP (DC electrode positive); DCEP is preferred for a more stable arc and lower spatter.
Q: What is the difference between E309-16 and E309L-16?
A:Both use the same rutile coating and run on AC/DCEP. The difference is carbon: E309-16 ≤ 0.15 % C, E309L-16 ≤ 0.04 % C. The lower-carbon E309L-16 offers better intergranular-corrosion resistance and is preferred for cladding or PWHT service.
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